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| author | Petri Hienonen <petri.hienonen@gmail.com> | 2026-01-17 14:48:48 +0200 |
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| committer | Petri Hienonen <petri.hienonen@gmail.com> | 2026-01-17 14:48:48 +0200 |
| commit | ad96e0a669ee99359d2a3fbc72793cfde4b60ce5 (patch) | |
| tree | 8dabf56d32128c3c525181e04489cd95a3945620 /index.html | |
| parent | 24e3fd4b0aad51773cd8aaf5c53b30555af8bc2e (diff) | |
| download | radio-ad96e0a669ee99359d2a3fbc72793cfde4b60ce5.tar.zst | |
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@@ -1,558 +1,912 @@ <!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> -<head> -<meta charset="UTF-8"> -<title>ARFHL Tactical Wi-Fi HaLow Mesh Network</title> -<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"> -<style> -body { - font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; - margin: 0; - background-color: #0f1419; - color: #e6e6e6; - line-height: 1.6; -} -header { - background: linear-gradient(135deg, #1b2633, #0f1419); - padding: 40px; -} -header h1 { - margin: 0; - font-size: 2.4em; -} -header p { - max-width: 900px; - color: #cfd8dc; -} -.gap-box { - background-color: #1a222b; - border: 1px solid #2e3b4a; - border-left: 4px solid #ff6b6b; - padding: 20px; - margin: 20px 0; - max-width: 900px; -} -section { - padding: 40px; - max-width: 1200px; - margin: auto; -} -h2 { - border-bottom: 2px solid #2e3b4a; - padding-bottom: 8px; -} -h3 { - color: #90caf9; -} -table { - width: 100%; - border-collapse: collapse; - margin-top: 20px; -} -th, td { - border: 1px solid #2e3b4a; - padding: 10px; - text-align: left; - vertical-align: top; -} -th { - background-color: #1b2633; -} -ul { - margin-left: 20px; -} -.badge { - display: inline-block; - background-color: #263238; - padding: 4px 10px; - margin: 4px 0; - border-radius: 4px; - font-size: 0.85em; -} -.procurement-badge { - background-color: #1a5276; - color: #fff; - margin-right: 8px; -} -.footer { - background-color: #0b0f14; - padding: 20px; - text-align: center; - font-size: 0.85em; - color: #9e9e9e; -} -.cta-box { - background-color: #1a222b; - padding: 30px; - margin: 40px 0; - border: 1px solid #2e3b4a; - text-align: center; -} -.diagram { - background-color: #111820; - padding: 20px; - margin: 20px 0; - border: 1px solid #2e3b4a; -} -.note { - background-color: #1a222b; - padding: 15px; - border-left: 4px solid #90caf9; - margin: 20px 0; -} -.warning { - background-color: #2d1b1b; - padding: 15px; - border-left: 4px solid #ff6b6b; - margin: 20px 0; -} -.advantages { - display: grid; - grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fill, minmax(250px, 1fr)); - gap: 20px; - margin: 30px 0; -} -.advantage-card { - background-color: #1a222b; - padding: 20px; - border-radius: 4px; - border-top: 3px solid #43a047; -} -</style> -</head> - -<body> - -<header> -<h1>ARFHL Tactical Wi-Fi HaLow Mesh Network</h1> -<p> -A distributed, sub-GHz tactical communications backbone designed for contested, -infrastructure-denied environments. Optimized for attrition warfare, electronic -warfare pressure, and rapid field deployment without vendor lock-in. -</p> - -<div class="gap-box"> -<h3>Capability Gap Addressed</h3> -<p><strong>Current tactical networks are vulnerable to centralized node loss, EW targeting, and vendor lock-in, as observed in recent contested environments.</strong> ARFHL provides a low-signature, attrition-tolerant, IP-based mesh backbone to restore platoon-to-company level connectivity when traditional systems fail.</p> -</div> - -<span class="badge procurement-badge">TRL 6-7</span> -<span class="badge procurement-badge">MIL-STD-810G Tested</span> -<span class="badge procurement-badge">CSfC Compliant Path</span> -<span class="badge procurement-badge">VICTORY-Aligned Data Bus</span> -<span class="badge">IEEE 802.11ah</span> -<span class="badge">Distributed Mesh</span> -<span class="badge">Post-Quantum Ready</span> -<span class="badge">Open IP Backbone</span> -</header> - -<section> -<h2>1. Product Description</h2> - -<p> -ARFHL is a portable Wi-Fi HaLow (IEEE 802.11ah) mesh network providing secure IP -transport for messages, telemetry, images, and opportunistic video. The system -is designed to operate where traditional tactical radios and centralized -command networks fail. -</p> - -<p> -ARFHL prioritizes <strong>survivability, simplicity, and manufacturability</strong> -over peak throughput. It deliberately avoids proprietary waveforms and closed -ecosystems in favor of open standards and crypto agility. -</p> - -<div class="advantages"> -<div class="advantage-card"> -<h4>Graceful Degradation</h4> -<p>Maintains command connectivity even when bandwidth drops to 150 kbps under EW pressure.</p> -</div> -<div class="advantage-card"> -<h4>Attrition Tolerant</h4> -<p>Network survives loss of 30-40% of nodes through self-healing mesh topology.</p> -</div> -<div class="advantage-card"> -<h4>Low Observability</h4> -<p>Sub-1GHz, adaptive duty cycle reduces RF signature by 60-80% vs typical tactical radios.</p> -</div> -</div> - -<h3>Technical Summary</h3> -<table> -<tr><th>Parameter</th><th>Specification</th></tr> -<tr><td>Frequency</td><td>Sub-1 GHz regional bands (863-868 MHz EU, 902-928 MHz US)</td></tr> -<tr><td>Range</td><td>>1 km per hop (terrain dependent)</td></tr> -<tr><td>Throughput</td><td>150 kbps – 86.7 Mbps (adaptive)</td></tr> -<tr><td>Topology</td><td>Self-forming mesh, optional backbone</td></tr> -<tr><td>Security</td><td>WPA3 + hybrid PQ key exchange</td></tr> -<tr><td>Power</td><td>7-10 days active, 2+ year standby</td></tr> -<tr><td>Interoperability</td><td>Standard IP (IPv4/IPv6), Ethernet, USB-C</td></tr> -<tr><td>Environmental</td><td>MIL-STD-810G (shock, vibe, temp, humidity)</td></tr> -</table> -</section> - -<section> -<h2>2. Doctrine-Aligned Use Cases</h2> - -<h3>Forward / Remote Sites</h3> -<ul> -<li>Establishes local wireless backbone connecting sensors, cameras, and command terminals</li> -<li>Operates where no backhaul exists or infrastructure is degraded</li> -<li>Supports ISR data exfiltration from denied areas</li> -</ul> - -<h3>Mobile Teams and Assets</h3> -<ul> -<li>Wearable or vehicle-mounted ARFHL-UM nodes extend mesh dynamically</li> -<li>Maintains message and image flow as teams move through terrain</li> -<li>Blue-force tracking via low-rate telemetry (NMEA format)</li> -</ul> - -<h3>Temporary Operations</h3> -<ul> -<li>Rapid deployment for exercises or disaster response</li> -<li>No permanent spectrum or infrastructure commitments required</li> -<li>Company-level setup in under 20 minutes</li> -</ul> - -<div class="note"> -<strong>Operational assumption:</strong> Command continuity must survive loss of -vehicles, gateways, and spectrum superiority. ARFHL maintains basic connectivity -with as few as two surviving nodes. -</div> -</section> - -<section> -<h2>3. Problem Analysis & Solution Matrix</h2> - -<table> -<tr> -<th>Observed Problem</th> -<th>Typical Military Systems</th> -<th>ARFHL Solution Direction</th> -<th>Operational Impact</th> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Centralized nodes destroyed</td> -<td>Star topology collapses catastrophically</td> -<td>Fully distributed mesh, no single point of failure</td> -<td>Partial functionality survives node loss</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>EW detection and targeting</td> -<td>Constant beacons, high RF signature</td> -<td>Adaptive duty cycle, low-power sub-GHz operation</td> -<td>Reduced detectability by 60-80%</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>High logistics burden</td> -<td>Short battery life, proprietary spares</td> -<td>Low power design, COTS components, multi-day operation</td> -<td>Resupply interval extended from hours to days</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Vendor lock-in</td> -<td>Closed waveforms, restricted devices</td> -<td>Open IEEE + IP backbone, multi-vendor compatible</td> -<td>No single-source dependency, competitive pricing</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Training overhead</td> -<td>Weeks of signal training required</td> -<td>Hours-level operator training (IP networking basics)</td> -<td>Faster deployment, lower skill threshold</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Crypto obsolescence risk</td> -<td>Fixed algorithms, hardware-dependent</td> -<td>Crypto-agile, post-quantum ready via software update</td> -<td>Future-proof against quantum decryption threats</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Complexity in stress</td> -<td>High cognitive load, multiple systems</td> -<td>Single system for data, self-forming network</td> -<td>Reduced operator error under fire</td> -</tr> -</table> -</section> - -<section> -<h2>4. Direct Competitive Comparison</h2> - -<table> -<tr> -<th>Parameter</th> -<th>Typical Tactical SDR (e.g., Bittium Tough)</th> -<th>ARFHL Approach</th> -<th>ARFHL Advantage for Attrition Warfare</th> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><strong>Unit Cost</strong></td> -<td>High (thousands EUR)</td> -<td>Low (hundreds EUR)</td> -<td><strong>Economically attritable</strong>. Enables mass deployment and reserve stockpiles.</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><strong>Waveform</strong></td> -<td>Proprietary, vendor-locked</td> -<td>Open IEEE 802.11ah standard</td> -<td><strong>No vendor lock-in</strong>. Enables multi-vendor sourcing and custom development.</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><strong>Network Model</strong></td> -<td>Often point-to-point or star</td> -<td>Self-healing distributed mesh</td> -<td><strong>No single point of failure</strong>. Survives multiple node losses.</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><strong>RF Signature</strong></td> -<td>High (powerful, often UHF+)</td> -<td>Low (sub-1GHz, adaptive duty cycle)</td> -<td><strong>Lower EW/ELINT detectability</strong>. Harder to target with direction finding.</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><strong>Primary Use</strong></td> -<td>Voice, Data (replacing legacy radios)</td> -<td><strong>Data Backbone</strong> (messaging, telemetry, ISR)</td> -<td><strong>Complements</strong> voice radios with resilient IP data layer.</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><strong>Logistics</strong></td> -<td>Specialized batteries, complex training</td> -<td>COTS batteries, simple IP training</td> -<td><strong>Simpler sustainment</strong>, easier operator training, commercial supply chain.</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><strong>Failure Mode</strong></td> -<td>Catastrophic (gateway loss = network loss)</td> -<td>Graceful degradation</td> -<td><strong>Partial functionality maintained</strong> even under heavy attrition.</td> -</tr> -</table> - -<div class="note"> -<strong>Note:</strong> ARFHL is not a direct replacement for tactical voice radios but complements them with a resilient, low-signature data layer optimized for contested environments. -</div> -</section> - -<section> -<h2>5. Total Ownership Cost & Support</h2> - -<h3>Cost Breakdown</h3> -<table> -<tr><th>Cost Component</th><th>Estimate (EUR)</th><th>Notes</th></tr> -<tr><td>Unit Procurement Cost (ARFHL-AP)</td><td>< 200</td><td>Volume of 1,000+ units</td></tr> -<tr><td>5-Year Sustainment (per unit)</td><td>80-120</td><td>Includes spares, updates, support</td></tr> -<tr><td>Initial Training Package</td><td>5,000</td><td>Train-the-trainer for up to 50 units</td></tr> -<tr><td>Annual Support Contract</td><td>15% of hardware</td><td>Optional extended firmware/security updates</td></tr> -</table> - -<h3>Training Requirements</h3> -<ul> -<li><strong>Operator Course:</strong> 4 hours (basic deployment, diagnostics)</li> -<li><strong>Maintainer Course:</strong> 2 days (node replacement, configuration)</li> -<li><strong>Training Materials:</strong> Provided in local language (PDF, video)</li> -</ul> - -<h3>Warranty & Support</h3> -<ul> -<li><strong>Standard Warranty:</strong> 2 years (parts and labor)</li> -<li><strong>Extended Support:</strong> Available up to 10 years post-procurement</li> -<li><strong>Update Policy:</strong> Security updates for 5+ years, critical bug fixes for 10+</li> -<li><strong>Depot Repair:</strong> Turnaround < 14 days, 70% cost savings vs new unit</li> -</ul> -</section> - -<section> -<h2>6. Integration & Interoperability</h2> - -<h3>Physical Interfaces</h3> -<ul> -<li>Ethernet (PoE capable) for command post integration</li> -<li>USB-C for power/data (field tablets, battery packs)</li> -<li>Optional SMA connectors for external directional antennas</li> -<li>Standard NATO battery connectors (compatible with BA-5590 etc.)</li> -</ul> - -<h3>Gateway Functions</h3> -<ul> -<li>ARFHL-AP provides Ethernet bridge to tactical LAN</li> -<li>Concurrent 2.4/5 GHz Wi-Fi for local device connectivity</li> -<li>Protocol translation for legacy systems (serial-to-IP)</li> -<li>Store-and-forward for delay-tolerant networking</li> -</ul> - -<h3>Standards Compliance</h3> -<ul> -<li><strong>Data Formats:</strong> NMEA for tracking, MJPEG/H.264 for video, REST API for C2</li> -<li><strong>Routing:</strong> Standard IP routing (OSPF, BGP) for backbone integration</li> -<li><strong>Security:</strong> FIPS 140-2 validated crypto modules, CSfC compliant architecture</li> -<li><strong>VICTORY Alignment:</strong> Data bus compatible, standard service definitions</li> -</ul> - -<div class="note"> -<strong>Interoperability Philosophy:</strong> "Bring your own devices" - ARFHL provides IP connectivity to standard tablets, laptops, and existing tactical systems with Ethernet or Wi-Fi interfaces. -</div> -</section> - -<section> -<h2>7. Test & Evaluation Summary</h2> - -<h3>Field Test Results</h3> -<table> -<tr> -<th>Test Scenario</th> -<th>Range Achieved</th> -<th>Avg. Throughput</th> -<th>Packet Loss</th> -<th>Notes</th> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Wooded Terrain</td> -<td>1.2 km</td> -<td>4.8 Mbps</td> -<td>< 1%</td> -<td>2 nodes, line-of-sight obstructed</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Urban, Non-LOS</td> -<td>400 m</td> -<td>1.1 Mbps</td> -<td>5%</td> -<td>3-hop mesh around buildings</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>EW Environment</td> -<td>N/A</td> -<td>Adaptive (150 kbps min)</td> -<td>15% peak</td> -<td>Maintained command channel under broadband noise</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Extended Endurance</td> -<td>Consistent</td> -<td>Stable</td> -<td>< 2%</td> -<td>7-day continuous operation, battery</td> -</tr> -</table> - -<h3>Certification Status</h3> -<ul> -<li><strong>Environmental:</strong> MIL-STD-810G testing completed (shock, vibration, temperature)</li> -<li><strong>EMC:</strong> MIL-STD-461 compliance in progress</li> -<li><strong>Security:</strong> Targeting NIAP/Common Criteria evaluation, CSfC component listed</li> -<li><strong>Safety:</strong> CE, FCC marked for commercial bands</li> -</ul> - -<h3>Operational Testing</h3> -<ul> -<li>Field trials with partner military units (Fall 2023)</li> -<li>Contested RF environment testing at national EW range</li> -<li>Interoperability testing with [Redacted] C2 system</li> -</ul> -</section> - -<section> -<h2>8. Risk Mitigation</h2> - -<h3>Identified Risks & Mitigations</h3> -<table> -<tr> -<th>Risk</th> -<th>Probability</th> -<th>Impact</th> -<th>Mitigation Strategy</th> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Spectrum congestion/jamming</td> -<td>Medium</td> -<td>High</td> -<td>Adaptive frequency hopping, fallback to most robust modulation, low duty cycle operation</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Supply chain disruption</td> -<td>Medium</td> -<td>Medium</td> -<td>Dual-source critical components, firmware adaptable to alternate HaLow SoCs</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Mesh protocol instability</td> -<td>Low</td> -<td>High</td> -<td>Battle-tested OLSR/B.A.T.M.A.N. adaptation, field-tested with 50+ node density</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Crypto vulnerability discovery</td> -<td>Low</td> -<td>Critical</td> -<td>Crypto-agile architecture, ability to update algorithms without hardware replacement</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Integration complexity</td> -<td>Medium</td> -<td>Medium</td> -<td>Standard IP interfaces, published API documentation, reference integration kits</td> -</tr> -</table> - -<div class="warning"> -<strong>Risk Acceptance:</strong> ARFHL accepts reduced peak bandwidth in exchange for survivability and low signature. This is a deliberate design choice aligned with attrition warfare doctrine. -</div> - -<h3>Contingency Plans</h3> -<ul> -<li><strong>Alternative Frequencies:</strong> Design supports migration to other sub-GHz bands if primary bands become unusable</li> -<li><strong>Fallback Mode:</strong> Ultra-low rate (150 kbps) "beacon" mode maintains basic connectivity under extreme EW</li> -<li><strong>Legacy Integration:</strong> Gateway can interface with traditional tactical radios as emergency backhaul</li> -</ul> -</section> - -<section> -<h2>9. Network Topology Overview</h2> - -<div class="diagram"> -<svg viewBox="0 0 800 500" width="100%" height="auto"> -<rect x="0" y="0" width="800" height="500" fill="#111820"/> -<circle cx="400" cy="90" r="40" fill="#1e88e5"/> -<text x="400" y="95" fill="#ffffff" text-anchor="middle">Gateway</text> - -<circle cx="180" cy="250" r="35" fill="#43a047"/> -<circle cx="400" cy="320" r="35" fill="#43a047"/> -<circle cx="620" cy="250" r="35" fill="#43a047"/> - -<line x1="400" y1="130" x2="180" y2="215" stroke="#90caf9"/> -<line x1="400" y1="130" x2="400" y2="285" stroke="#90caf9"/> -<line x1="400" y1="130" x2="620" y2="215" stroke="#90caf9"/> - -<line x1="180" y1="250" x2="400" y2="320" stroke="#90caf9"/> -<line x1="400" y1="320" x2="620" y2="250" stroke="#90caf9"/> - -<text x="180" y="255" fill="#ffffff" text-anchor="middle">Node</text> -<text x="400" y="325" fill="#ffffff" text-anchor="middle">Node</text> -<text x="620" y="255" fill="#ffffff" text-anchor="middle">Node</text> - -<!-- Additional nodes to show mesh density --> -<circle cx="280" cy="180" r="25" fill="#43a047" opacity="0.7"/> -<circle cx="520" cy="180" r="25" fill="#43a047" opacity="0.7"/> -<circle cx="400" cy="400" r="25" fill="#43a047" opacity="0.7"/> -</svg> -<p style="text-align: center; margin-top: 15px;"><em>Self-forming mesh with multiple redundant paths. Network remains connected even with node loss (grayed nodes).</em></p> -</div> -</section> - -<div class="cta-box"> -<h3>Next Steps for Procurement Evaluation</h3> -<p>For detailed specifications, classified briefings, or to schedule a field demonstration with your operational units:</p> -<p><strong>Contact:</strong> [Point of Contact - Program Manager]</p> -<p><strong>Available:</strong> Technical data packages, test reports, reference architectures, and operational concept briefings.</p> -</div> - -<div class="footer"> -ARFHL Tactical Communications System — Open, Distributed, Survivable, Scalable<br> -<small>Designed for attrition warfare based on lessons from contemporary conflicts</small> -</div> - -</body> + <head> + <meta charset="UTF-8"> + <title>ARFHL Tactical Wi-Fi HaLow Mesh Network</title> + <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"> + <style> + body { + font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; + margin: 0; + background-color: #0f1419; + color: #e6e6e6; + line-height: 1.6; + } + header { + background: linear-gradient(135deg, #1b2633, #0f1419); + padding: 40px; + } + header h1 { + margin: 0; + font-size: 2.4em; + } + header p { + max-width: 900px; + color: #cfd8dc; + } + .gap-box { + background-color: #1a222b; + border: 1px solid #2e3b4a; + border-left: 4px solid #ff6b6b; + padding: 20px; + margin: 20px 0; + max-width: 900px; + } + section { + padding: 40px; + max-width: 1200px; + margin: auto; + } + h2 { + border-bottom: 2px solid #2e3b4a; + padding-bottom: 8px; + } + h3 { + color: #90caf9; + } + table { + width: 100%; + border-collapse: collapse; + margin-top: 20px; + } + th, + td { + border: 1px solid #2e3b4a; + padding: 10px; + text-align: left; + vertical-align: top; + } + th { + background-color: #1b2633; + } + ul { + margin-left: 20px; + } + .badge { + display: inline-block; + background-color: #263238; + padding: 4px 10px; + margin: 4px 0; + border-radius: 4px; + font-size: 0.85em; + } + .procurement-badge { + background-color: #1a5276; + color: #fff; + margin-right: 8px; + } + .footer { + background-color: #0b0f14; + padding: 20px; + text-align: center; + font-size: 0.85em; + color: #9e9e9e; + } + .cta-box { + background-color: #1a222b; + padding: 30px; + margin: 40px 0; + border: 1px solid #2e3b4a; + text-align: center; + } + .diagram { + background-color: #111820; + padding: 20px; + margin: 20px 0; + border: 1px solid #2e3b4a; + } + .note { + background-color: #1a222b; + padding: 15px; + border-left: 4px solid #90caf9; + margin: 20px 0; + } + .warning { + background-color: #2d1b1b; + padding: 15px; + border-left: 4px solid #ff6b6b; + margin: 20px 0; + } + .advantages { + display: grid; + grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fill, minmax(250px, 1fr)); + gap: 20px; + margin: 30px 0; + } + .advantage-card { + background-color: #1a222b; + padding: 20px; + border-radius: 4px; + border-top: 3px solid #43a047; + } + abbr { + cursor: help; + text-decoration: underline dotted; + } + </style> + </head> + + <body> + <header> + <h1>ARFHL Tactical Wi-Fi HaLow Mesh Network</h1> + <p> + A distributed, sub-GHz tactical communications backbone designed for contested, + infrastructure-denied environments. Optimized for attrition warfare, electronic warfare + pressure, and rapid field deployment without vendor lock-in. + </p> + + <div class="gap-box"> + <h3>Capability Gap Addressed</h3> + <p> + <strong + >Current tactical networks are vulnerable to centralized node loss, + <abbr title="Electronic Warfare">EW</abbr>targeting, and vendor lock-in, as observed in + recent contested environments.</strong + >ARFHL provides a low-signature, attrition-tolerant, IP-based mesh backbone to restore + platoon-to-company level connectivity when traditional systems fail. + </p> + </div> + + <span class="badge procurement-badge" + ><abbr title="Technology Readiness Level">TRL</abbr>6-7</span + > + <span class="badge procurement-badge" + ><abbr + title="Military Standard 810G (Environmental Engineering Considerations and Laboratory Tests)" + > + MIL-STD-810G + </abbr> + Tested</span + > + <span class="badge procurement-badge" + ><abbr title="Commercial Solutions for Classified">CSfC</abbr>Compliant Path</span + > + <span class="badge procurement-badge" + ><abbr title="Vehicular Integration for C4ISR/EW Interoperability">VICTORY</abbr>-Aligned + Data Bus</span + > + <span class="badge" + ><abbr title="Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers">IEEE</abbr>802.11ah</span + > + <span class="badge">Distributed Mesh</span> + <span class="badge">Post-Quantum Ready</span> + <span class="badge">Open IP Backbone</span> + </header> + + <main> + <article> + <section> + <h2>1. Product Description</h2> + + <p> + ARFHL is a portable Wi-Fi HaLow ( + <abbr title="Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers">IEEE</abbr>802.11ah) + mesh network providing secure IP transport for messages, telemetry, images, and + opportunistic video. The system is designed to operate where traditional tactical radios + and centralized command networks fail. + </p> + + <p> + ARFHL prioritizes <strong>survivability, simplicity, and manufacturability</strong> + over peak throughput. It deliberately avoids proprietary waveforms and closed ecosystems + in favor of open standards and crypto agility. + </p> + + <div class="advantages"> + <div class="advantage-card"> + <h4>Graceful Degradation</h4> + <p> + Maintains command connectivity even when bandwidth drops to 150 kbps under + <abbr title="Electronic Warfare">EW</abbr>pressure. + </p> + </div> + <div class="advantage-card"> + <h4>Attrition Tolerant</h4> + <p>Network survives loss of 30-40% of nodes through self-healing mesh topology.</p> + </div> + <div class="advantage-card"> + <h4>Low Observability</h4> + <p> + Sub-1GHz, adaptive duty cycle reduces <abbr title="Radio Frequency">RF</abbr> + signature by 60-80% vs typical tactical radios. + </p> + </div> + </div> + + <h3>Technical Summary</h3> + <table> + <thead> + <tr> + <th>Parameter</th> + <th>Specification</th> + </tr> + </thead> + <tbody> + <tr> + <td>Frequency</td> + <td>Sub-1 GHz regional bands (863-868 MHz EU, 902-928 MHz US)</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>Range</td> + <td>>1 km per hop (terrain dependent)</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>Throughput</td> + <td>150 kbps – 86.7 Mbps (adaptive)</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>Topology</td> + <td>Self-forming mesh, optional backbone</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>Security</td> + <td> + <abbr title="Wi-Fi Protected Access 3">WPA3</abbr>+ hybrid + <abbr title="Post-Quantum">PQ</abbr>key exchange + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>Power</td> + <td>7-10 days active, 2+ year standby</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>Interoperability</td> + <td>Standard IP (IPv4/IPv6), Ethernet, USB-C</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>Environmental</td> + <td> + <abbr + title="Military Standard 810G (Environmental Engineering Considerations and Laboratory Tests)" + > + MIL-STD-810G + </abbr> + (shock, vibe, temp, humidity) + </td> + </tr> + </tbody> + </table> + </section> + + <section> + <h2>2. Doctrine-Aligned Use Cases</h2> + + <h3>Forward / Remote Sites</h3> + <ul> + <li> + Establishes local wireless backbone connecting sensors, cameras, and command terminals + </li> + <li>Operates where no backhaul exists or infrastructure is degraded</li> + <li> + Supports <abbr title="Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance">ISR</abbr>data + exfiltration from denied areas + </li> + <li> + Optional integration with satellite solutions like Starlink for hybrid backhaul to + wider IP networks + </li> + </ul> + + <h3>Mobile Teams and Assets</h3> + <ul> + <li>Wearable or vehicle-mounted ARFHL-UM nodes extend mesh dynamically</li> + <li>Maintains message and image flow as teams move through terrain</li> + <li> + Blue-force tracking via low-rate telemetry ( + <abbr title="National Marine Electronics Association">NMEA</abbr>format) + </li> + </ul> + + <h3>Temporary Operations</h3> + <ul> + <li>Rapid deployment for exercises or disaster response</li> + <li>No permanent spectrum or infrastructure commitments required</li> + <li>Company-level setup in under 20 minutes</li> + </ul> + + <aside class="note"> + <strong>Operational assumption:</strong>Command continuity must survive loss of + vehicles, gateways, and spectrum superiority. ARFHL maintains basic connectivity with as + few as two surviving nodes. + </aside> + </section> + + <section> + <h2>3. Problem Analysis & Solution Matrix</h2> + + <table> + <thead> + <tr> + <th>Observed Problem</th> + <th>Typical Military Systems</th> + <th>ARFHL Solution Direction</th> + <th>Operational Impact</th> + </tr> + </thead> + <tbody> + <tr> + <td>Centralized nodes destroyed</td> + <td>Star topology collapses catastrophically</td> + <td>Fully distributed mesh, no single point of failure</td> + <td>Partial functionality survives node loss</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td> + <abbr title="Electronic Warfare">EW</abbr>detection and targeting + </td> + <td> + Constant beacons, high <abbr title="Radio Frequency">RF</abbr>signature + </td> + <td>Adaptive duty cycle, low-power sub-GHz operation</td> + <td>Reduced detectability by 60-80%</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>High logistics burden</td> + <td>Short battery life, proprietary spares</td> + <td> + Low power design, <abbr title="Commercial Off-The-Shelf">COTS</abbr>components, + multi-day operation + </td> + <td>Resupply interval extended from hours to days</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>Vendor lock-in</td> + <td>Closed waveforms, restricted devices</td> + <td> + Open <abbr title="Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers">IEEE</abbr>+ + IP backbone, multi-vendor compatible + </td> + <td>No single-source dependency, competitive pricing</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>Training overhead</td> + <td>Weeks of signal training required</td> + <td>Hours-level operator training (IP networking basics)</td> + <td>Faster deployment, lower skill threshold</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>Crypto obsolescence risk</td> + <td>Fixed algorithms, hardware-dependent</td> + <td>Crypto-agile, post-quantum ready via software update</td> + <td>Future-proof against quantum decryption threats</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>Complexity in stress</td> + <td>High cognitive load, multiple systems</td> + <td>Single system for data, self-forming network</td> + <td>Reduced operator error under fire</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>Satellite dependency</td> + <td> + Over-reliance on systems like Starlink exposes vulnerabilities to orbital threats, + jamming, or terminal targeting + </td> + <td> + Ground-based, low-signature mesh provides independent, attritable redundancy; can + integrate Starlink or other satellites as additional routes to wider IP networks + without pure reliance + </td> + <td> + Maintains tactical connectivity in denial scenarios while leveraging satellites + opportunistically + </td> + </tr> + </tbody> + </table> + </section> + + <section> + <h2>4. Direct Competitive Comparison</h2> + + <table> + <thead> + <tr> + <th>Parameter</th> + <th> + Typical Tactical <abbr title="Software Defined Radio">SDR</abbr>(e.g., Bittium + Tough) + </th> + <th>ARFHL Approach</th> + <th>ARFHL Advantage for Attrition Warfare</th> + </tr> + </thead> + <tbody> + <tr> + <td> + <strong>Unit Cost</strong> + </td> + <td>High (thousands EUR)</td> + <td>Low (hundreds EUR)</td> + <td> + <strong>Economically attritable</strong>. Enables mass deployment and reserve + stockpiles. + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td> + <strong>Waveform</strong> + </td> + <td>Proprietary, vendor-locked</td> + <td> + Open <abbr title="Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers">IEEE</abbr> + 802.11ah standard + </td> + <td> + <strong>No vendor lock-in</strong>. Enables multi-vendor sourcing and custom + development. + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td> + <strong>Network Model</strong> + </td> + <td>Often point-to-point or star</td> + <td>Self-healing distributed mesh</td> + <td> + <strong>No single point of failure</strong>. Survives multiple node losses. + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td> + <strong + ><abbr title="Radio Frequency">RF</abbr>Signature</strong + > + </td> + <td>High (powerful, often UHF+)</td> + <td>Low (sub-1GHz, adaptive duty cycle)</td> + <td> + <strong + >Lower <abbr title="Electronic Warfare">EW</abbr>/ + <abbr title="Electronic Intelligence">ELINT</abbr>detectability</strong + >. Harder to target with direction finding. + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td> + <strong>Primary Use</strong> + </td> + <td>Voice, Data (replacing legacy radios)</td> + <td> + <strong>Data Backbone</strong>(messaging, telemetry, <abbr + title="Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance" + > + ISR + </abbr>) + </td> + <td> + <strong>Complements</strong>voice radios with resilient IP data layer. + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td> + <strong>Logistics</strong> + </td> + <td>Specialized batteries, complex training</td> + <td> + <abbr title="Commercial Off-The-Shelf">COTS</abbr>batteries, simple IP training + </td> + <td> + <strong>Simpler sustainment</strong>, easier operator training, commercial supply + chain. + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td> + <strong>Failure Mode</strong> + </td> + <td>Catastrophic (gateway loss = network loss)</td> + <td>Graceful degradation</td> + <td> + <strong>Partial functionality maintained</strong>even under heavy attrition. + </td> + </tr> + </tbody> + </table> + + <aside class="note"> + <strong>Note:</strong>ARFHL is not a direct replacement for tactical voice radios but + complements them with a resilient, low-signature data layer optimized for contested + environments. + </aside> + </section> + + <section> + <h2>5. Total Ownership Cost & Support</h2> + + <h3>Cost Breakdown</h3> + <table> + <thead> + <tr> + <th>Cost Component</th> + <th>Estimate (EUR)</th> + <th>Notes</th> + </tr> + </thead> + <tbody> + <tr> + <td>Unit Procurement Cost (ARFHL-AP)</td> + <td>< 200</td> + <td>Volume of 1,000+ units</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>5-Year Sustainment (per unit)</td> + <td>80-120</td> + <td>Includes spares, updates, support</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>Initial Training Package</td> + <td>5,000</td> + <td>Train-the-trainer for up to 50 units</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>Annual Support Contract</td> + <td>15% of hardware</td> + <td>Optional extended firmware/security updates</td> + </tr> + </tbody> + </table> + + <h3>Training Requirements</h3> + <ul> + <li> + <strong>Operator Course:</strong>4 hours (basic deployment, diagnostics) + </li> + <li> + <strong>Maintainer Course:</strong>2 days (node replacement, configuration) + </li> + <li> + <strong>Training Materials:</strong>Provided in local language (PDF, video) + </li> + </ul> + + <h3>Warranty & Support</h3> + <ul> + <li> + <strong>Standard Warranty:</strong>2 years (parts and labor) + </li> + <li> + <strong>Extended Support:</strong>Available up to 10 years post-procurement + </li> + <li> + <strong>Update Policy:</strong>Security updates for 5+ years, critical bug fixes for + 10+ + </li> + <li> + <strong>Depot Repair:</strong>Turnaround < 14 days, 70% cost savings vs new unit + </li> + </ul> + </section> + + <section> + <h2>6. Integration & Interoperability</h2> + + <h3>Physical Interfaces</h3> + <ul> + <li> + Ethernet (<abbr title="Power over Ethernet">PoE</abbr>capable) for command post + integration + </li> + <li>USB-C for power/data (field tablets, battery packs)</li> + <li>Optional SMA connectors for external directional antennas</li> + <li> + Standard <abbr title="North Atlantic Treaty Organization">NATO</abbr>battery + connectors (compatible with BA-5590 etc.) + </li> + </ul> + + <h3>Gateway Functions</h3> + <ul> + <li> + ARFHL-AP provides Ethernet bridge to tactical + <abbr title="Local Area Network">LAN</abbr> + </li> + <li>Concurrent 2.4/5 GHz Wi-Fi for local device connectivity</li> + <li>Protocol translation for legacy systems (serial-to-IP)</li> + <li>Store-and-forward for delay-tolerant networking</li> + <li> + Integration with satellite terminals (e.g., Starlink) as additional routes to wider IP + networks for hybrid connectivity + </li> + </ul> + + <h3>Standards Compliance</h3> + <ul> + <li> + <strong>Data Formats:</strong> + <abbr title="National Marine Electronics Association">NMEA</abbr>for tracking, + MJPEG/H.264 for video, <abbr title="Representational State Transfer">REST</abbr> + <abbr title="Application Programming Interface">API</abbr>for + <abbr title="Command and Control">C2</abbr> + </li> + <li> + <strong>Routing:</strong>Standard IP routing (<abbr title="Open Shortest Path First"> + OSPF + </abbr>, <abbr title="Border Gateway Protocol">BGP</abbr>) for backbone integration + </li> + <li> + <strong>Security:</strong> + <abbr title="Federal Information Processing Standards">FIPS</abbr>140-2 validated + crypto modules, <abbr title="Commercial Solutions for Classified">CSfC</abbr>compliant + architecture + </li> + <li> + <strong + ><abbr title="Vehicular Integration for C4ISR/EW Interoperability">VICTORY</abbr> + Alignment:</strong + >Data bus compatible, standard service definitions + </li> + </ul> + + <aside class="note"> + <strong>Interoperability Philosophy:</strong>"Bring your own devices" - ARFHL provides + IP connectivity to standard tablets, laptops, and existing tactical systems with + Ethernet or Wi-Fi interfaces. While satellite solutions like Starlink can be connected + to ARFHL nodes for enhanced reach to wider networks, relying purely on satellites is + problematic due to vulnerabilities such as jamming, anti-satellite threats, and terminal + targeting, as observed in recent conflicts. + </aside> + </section> + + <section> + <h2>7. Test & Evaluation Summary</h2> + + <h3>Field Test Results</h3> + <table> + <thead> + <tr> + <th>Test Scenario</th> + <th>Range Achieved</th> + <th>Avg. Throughput</th> + <th>Packet Loss</th> + <th>Notes</th> + </tr> + </thead> + <tbody> + <tr> + <td>Wooded Terrain</td> + <td>1.2 km</td> + <td>4.8 Mbps</td> + <td>< 1%</td> + <td>2 nodes, line-of-sight obstructed</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>Urban, Non-LOS</td> + <td>400 m</td> + <td>1.1 Mbps</td> + <td>5%</td> + <td>3-hop mesh around buildings</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td> + <abbr title="Electronic Warfare">EW</abbr>Environment + </td> + <td>N/A</td> + <td>Adaptive (150 kbps min)</td> + <td>15% peak</td> + <td>Maintained command channel under broadband noise</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>Extended Endurance</td> + <td>Consistent</td> + <td>Stable</td> + <td>< 2%</td> + <td>7-day continuous operation, battery</td> + </tr> + </tbody> + </table> + + <h3>Certification Status</h3> + <ul> + <li> + <strong>Environmental:</strong> + <abbr + title="Military Standard 810G (Environmental Engineering Considerations and Laboratory Tests)" + > + MIL-STD-810G + </abbr> + testing completed (shock, vibration, temperature) + </li> + <li> + <strong + ><abbr title="Electromagnetic Compatibility">EMC</abbr>:</strong + > + <abbr + title="Military Standard 461 (Requirements for the Control of Electromagnetic Interference Characteristics of Subsystems and Equipment)" + > + MIL-STD-461 + </abbr> + compliance in progress + </li> + <li> + <strong>Security:</strong>Targeting <abbr + title="National Information Assurance Partnership" + > + NIAP + </abbr>/Common Criteria evaluation, <abbr title="Commercial Solutions for Classified"> + CSfC + </abbr>component listed + </li> + <li> + <strong>Safety:</strong>CE, <abbr title="Federal Communications Commission">FCC</abbr> + marked for commercial bands + </li> + </ul> + + <h3>Operational Testing</h3> + <ul> + <li>Field trials with partner military units (Fall 2023)</li> + <li> + Contested <abbr title="Radio Frequency">RF</abbr>environment testing at national + <abbr title="Electronic Warfare">EW</abbr>range + </li> + <li> + Interoperability testing with [Redacted] <abbr title="Command and Control">C2</abbr> + system + </li> + </ul> + </section> + + <section> + <h2>8. Risk Mitigation</h2> + + <h3>Identified Risks & Mitigations</h3> + <table> + <thead> + <tr> + <th>Risk</th> + <th>Probability</th> + <th>Impact</th> + <th>Mitigation Strategy</th> + </tr> + </thead> + <tbody> + <tr> + <td>Spectrum congestion/jamming</td> + <td>Medium</td> + <td>High</td> + <td> + Adaptive frequency hopping, fallback to most robust modulation, low duty cycle + operation + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>Supply chain disruption</td> + <td>Medium</td> + <td>Medium</td> + <td> + Dual-source critical components, firmware adaptable to alternate HaLow + <abbr title="System on Chip">SoCs</abbr> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>Mesh protocol instability</td> + <td>Low</td> + <td>High</td> + <td> + Battle-tested <abbr title="Optimized Link State Routing">OLSR</abbr>/ + <abbr title="Better Approach To Mobile Adhoc Networking">B.A.T.M.A.N.</abbr> + adaptation, field-tested with 50+ node density + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>Crypto vulnerability discovery</td> + <td>Low</td> + <td>Critical</td> + <td> + Crypto-agile architecture, ability to update algorithms without hardware + replacement + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>Integration complexity</td> + <td>Medium</td> + <td>Medium</td> + <td> + Standard IP interfaces, published + <abbr title="Application Programming Interface">API</abbr>documentation, reference + integration kits + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>Satellite integration risks</td> + <td>Medium</td> + <td>Medium</td> + <td> + Support for hybrid routing with satellites like Starlink as opportunistic + backhaul; core mesh operates independently to avoid over-reliance and associated + vulnerabilities (e.g., jamming or targeting) + </td> + </tr> + </tbody> + </table> + + <aside class="warning"> + <strong>Risk Acceptance:</strong>ARFHL accepts reduced peak bandwidth in exchange for + survivability and low signature. This is a deliberate design choice aligned with + attrition warfare doctrine. + </aside> + + <h3>Contingency Plans</h3> + <ul> + <li> + <strong>Alternative Frequencies:</strong>Design supports migration to other sub-GHz + bands if primary bands become unusable + </li> + <li> + <strong>Fallback Mode:</strong>Ultra-low rate (150 kbps) "beacon" mode maintains basic + connectivity under extreme <abbr title="Electronic Warfare">EW</abbr> + </li> + <li> + <strong>Legacy Integration:</strong>Gateway can interface with traditional tactical + radios as emergency backhaul + </li> + <li> + <strong>Satellite Fallback:</strong>While integrating satellites enhances reach, ARFHL + ensures ground-based resilience to mitigate risks of pure satellite dependency + </li> + </ul> + </section> + + <section> + <h2>9. Network Topology Overview</h2> + + <figure class="diagram"> + <svg viewBox="0 0 800 500" width="100%" height="auto"> + <rect x="0" y="0" width="800" height="500" fill="#111820"/> + <circle cx="400" cy="90" r="40" fill="#1e88e5"/> + <text x="400" y="95" fill="#ffffff" text-anchor="middle">Gateway</text> + + <circle cx="180" cy="250" r="35" fill="#43a047"/> + <circle cx="400" cy="320" r="35" fill="#43a047"/> + <circle cx="620" cy="250" r="35" fill="#43a047"/> + + <line x1="400" y1="130" x2="180" y2="215" stroke="#90caf9"/> + <line x1="400" y1="130" x2="400" y2="285" stroke="#90caf9"/> + <line x1="400" y1="130" x2="620" y2="215" stroke="#90caf9"/> + + <line x1="180" y1="250" x2="400" y2="320" stroke="#90caf9"/> + <line x1="400" y1="320" x2="620" y2="250" stroke="#90caf9"/> + + <text x="180" y="255" fill="#ffffff" text-anchor="middle">Node</text> + <text x="400" y="325" fill="#ffffff" text-anchor="middle">Node</text> + <text x="620" y="255" fill="#ffffff" text-anchor="middle">Node</text> + + <!-- Additional nodes to show mesh density --> + <circle cx="280" cy="180" r="25" fill="#43a047" opacity="0.7"/> + <circle cx="520" cy="180" r="25" fill="#43a047" opacity="0.7"/> + <circle cx="400" cy="400" r="25" fill="#43a047" opacity="0.7"/> + </svg> + <figcaption style="text-align: center; margin-top: 15px;"> + <em + >Self-forming mesh with multiple redundant paths. Network remains connected even + with node loss (grayed nodes).</em + > + </figcaption> + </figure> + </section> + </article> + </main> + + <div class="cta-box"> + <h3>Next Steps for Procurement Evaluation</h3> + <p> + For detailed specifications, classified briefings, or to schedule a field demonstration with + your operational units: + </p> + <p> + <strong>Contact:</strong>[Point of Contact - Program Manager] + </p> + <p> + <strong>Available:</strong>Technical data packages, test reports, reference architectures, + and operational concept briefings. + </p> + </div> + + <footer class="footer"> + ARFHL Tactical Communications System — Open, Distributed, Survivable, Scalable + <br> + <small>Designed for attrition warfare based on lessons from contemporary conflicts</small> + </footer> + </body> </html> |